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2 Eylül 2010 Perşembe

Singularity



Singularity is a video game developed by Raven Software published by Activision and released for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3, Singularity is Raven Software's second title based on Epic Games' Unreal Engine 3. The title was announced at Activision's E3 2008 press conference.

The game takes place on a mysterious island known as "Katorga-12" where Russian experiments involving "E99" took place during the height of the Cold War era. Sometime during 1955, a terrible catastrophe involving experiments attempting to form a "Singularity" occurred on the island, causing the island's very existence to be covered up by the Russian government. The player controls Nate Renko, a Black Ops soldier who is sent to investigate bizarre radiation emissions coming from the island. The operation goes poorly when team crashes during transport and the operation is scrapped. After regaining consciousness, Renko discovers that the island is constantly shifting between the time periods of 1955 and 2010. Renko acidentally shifts the timeline by saving a scientist who died in 1955. Renko finds the TMD (Time Manipulation Device), a device created by Dr. Victor Barisov. Barisov, the scientist who was in charge of the Katorga-12 experiments, reveals that a man named Nikolai Demichev, also a scientist on Katorga-12, used E99 technology to conquer the world. During the quest to stop Demichev, the player deals with hostile Russian forces in both time periods, and the mutated flora, fauna and former residents of the island, some of which have developed extreme power of their own.

In response to the United States' development and deployment of the atomic bomb, Joseph Stalin makes nuclear research the top scientific priority of the USSR. On a small island near Kamchatka, scientists discover an isotope of E99 that has strange properties. A research base named Katorga-12 is established on the island. E99-related research continued on the island until late 1955, when the island was destroyed by an accident. The Soviet government then erased any information about Katorga-12 and suppressed public knowledge of the accident.

In 2010, a sudden electromagnetic surge from Katorga-12 damages an American spy satellite. A military reconnaissance team is sent to investigate the uninhabited island, but a second surge causes their helicopter to crash. Captain Nathaniel Renko, a member of the reconnaissance team, enters the abandoned scientific complex on the island, where he phases between 1955 and 2010.

Renko is first transported back to 1955 during a major fire at the facility, where he saves one Nikolai Demichev. As this happens, an unidentified man yells, "Renko, stop! Don't let Demichev live!", before being killed by a ceiling collapse. Dr. Demichev would have otherwise died in the fire; by rescuing him, Renko altered history. Renko is abruptly returned to the year 2010, where he discovers that the island has changed. He encounters strange and violent creatures, and regroups with Devlin, a second survivor of the helicopter crash. Both soldiers are captured by Russian soldiers under the command of Demichev. Devlin demands asylum at the American embassy, at which point he is executed by Demichev.

Renko is saved by an organization called Mir-12. Mir-12 is a secretive resistance organization that bases its existence off of a journal recovered from the accident on Katorga-12. The journal declares that Nathaniel Renko will be able to stop Demichev using the "TMD", or "Time Manipulation Device". This device was apparently created by Dr. Viktor Barisov, who died in a laboratory accident, leaving Demichev to command the research base and eventually rule the world. Kathryn tells Renko to find the TMD and use it to go back in time and save Barisov. Renko succeeds and returns to 2010, where Barisov is now alive and well.

Barisov and Renko plan to fix history by going back in time and destroying the island's Singularity tower with an E-99 bomb. Renko recovers an E99 bomb from a sunken ship (the Pearl), but Kathryn dies in the process.

Renko and Barisov then fight their way into the Singularity Tower, which lies at the heart of Katorga-12. When they reach the tower's reactor, Renko travels back in time and uses the E99 bomb to destroy the reactor; he returns to 2010 moments before the tower is destroyed. It is implied that this explosion triggered the destruction of the Singularity and mutated the island's population.

Upon returning to 2010, Renko finds that nothing has changed. He sees Demichev holding Barisov at gunpoint. Demichev reveals that he rebuilt the facility after the bomb was detonated (presumably at another location). Renko shoots and non-fatally wounds Demichev, freeing Barisov. Barisov realizes that Demichev's rescue is what altered the timeline, and tells Renko that the only way to fix the timeline is for Renko to go back in time and stop himself from rescuing Demichev. Demichev reveals that Renko already tried that; he was the unidentified man that Renko saw in the fire. The three realize that the only way for Renko to stop Demichev's rescue is to kill his past self. Demichev offers Renko unlimited power in exchange for the TMD. The player is left with a choice resulting in three endings, based on whether Renko shoots Demichev, Barisov, or both men.

If the player shoots Barisov, he joins forces with Demichev and the team succeed in taking over most of the world, with Renko training the Katorga-12 mutants as soldiers and using them as first wave attackers in all of his battles. But with his control of the TMD, Demichev feels Renko is even more powerful than he is and takes precautionary measures against him by starting a weapons research program in the former United States. This settles the world into another Cold War with Renko on one side and Demichev on the other, although Renko is most likely to win, seeing he has almost complete control over the East and his power is slowly consuming the West.

If the player shoots both Demichev and Barisov, Renko leaves Katorga-12 and allows the world to fall into chaos. The public believes his very existence to be a myth as he disappears with the TMD in his possession. The Singularity explodes some years later and destroys the eastern coast of Russia and the Western coast of Alaska. Katorga-12 mutants escape onto mainland Russia and wreak havoc. A new leader rises in the former United States and is reported to be very aggressive and tyrannical as he leads the entire world with an iron fist. The in-game cutscenes and narration heavily imply the leader to be Renko himself.

If the player chooses to kill Demichev, or if he shoots neither man, then Barisov urges Renko to go back in time and stop himself from rescuing Demichev by killing his past self. The player then assumes the position of the man who shouted at Renko in the fire, only instead of being crushed by debris, he shoots the past Renko. Shooting the past version of Renko sends the narrative back to Devlin and Renko's arrival at Katorga-12. The game's intro credits are shown written in Russian, the helicopters bear the hammer and sickle on the side, and Devlin, armed with a Russian weapon, comments that monitoring Katorga-12 is a waste of time. The helicopter moves past the statue seen in the intro credits, but it has changed into a massive monument to Barisov wearing the TMD. Renko seems to have retained his memories from the rest of the game, as he checks his left hand when he sees the monument. Renko and Devlin's mission is called off by their dispatcher -- Red Fleet instead of Titan One -- and Devlin refers to Renko as "comrade". It is implied that Barisov recovered the TMD from the fire and used it to unite the world under Soviet rule.

A post-credit scene shows a wounded Kathryn emerging in 1955 from the Pearl's wreckage and hiding in an office. Bleeding heavily, she writes "Renko" in the Mir-12 journal.

3 Eylül 2007 Pazartesi

Cell



Cell Wikipedia

Cell Broadband Engine resource center

Cell Broadband Engine (SONY)

Cell is a microprocessor architecture jointly developed by a Sony, Toshiba, and IBM, an alliance known as "STI." The architectural design and first implementation were carried out at the STI Design Center over a four-year period beginning March 2001 on a budget reported by IBM as approaching US$400 million. Cell is shorthand for Cell Broadband Engine Architecture, commonly abbreviated CBEA in full or Cell BE in part. Cell combines a general-purpose Power Architecture core of modest performance with streamlined coprocessing elements which greatly accelerate multimedia and vector processing applications, as well as many other forms of dedicated computation.

The first major commercial application of Cell was in Sony's PlayStation 3 game console. Mercury Computer Systems has a dual Cell server, a dual Cell blade configuration, a rugged computer, and a PCI Express accelerator board available in different stages of production. Toshiba has announced plans to incorporate Cell in high definition television sets. Exotic features such as the XDR memory subsystem and coherent Element Interconnect Bus (EIB) interconnect appear to position Cell for future applications in the supercomputing space to exploit the Cell processor's prowess in floating point kernels. IBM has announced plans to incorporate Cell processors as add-on cards into IBM System z9 mainframes, to enable them to be used as servers for MMORPGs.

The Cell architecture includes a novel memory coherence architecture for which IBM received many patents. The architecture emphasizes efficiency/watt, prioritizes bandwidth over latency, and favors peak computational throughput over simplicity of program code. For these reasons, Cell is widely regarded as a challenging environment for software development. IBM provides a comprehensive Linux-based Cell development platform to assist developers in confronting these challenges. Software adoption remains a key issue in whether Cell ultimately delivers on its performance potential. Despite those challenges, research has indicated that Cell excels at several types of scientific computation.

In November 2006, David A. Bader at Georgia Tech was selected by Sony, Toshiba, and IBM from more than a dozen universities to direct the first STI Center of Competence for the Cell Processor. This partnership is designed to build a community of programmers and broaden industry support for the Cell processor.

In 2000, Sony Computer Entertainment, Toshiba Corporation, and IBM formed an alliance ("STI") to design and manufacture the processor.

The STI Design Center in Austin, Texas opened in March 2001. The Cell was designed over a period of four years, using enhanced versions of the design tools for the POWER4 processor. Over 400 engineers from the three companies worked together in Austin, with critical support from eleven of IBM's design centers.

During this period, IBM filed many patents pertaining to the Cell architecture, manufacturing process, and software environment. An early patent version of the Broadband Engine was shown to be a chip package comprising four "Processing Elements," which was the patent's description for what is now known as the "Power Processing Element." Each Processing Element contained 8 "APUs," which are now referred to as SPEs on the current Broadband Engine chip. Said chip package was widely regarded to run at a clock speed of 4 GHz and with 32 APUs providing 32 GFLOPS each, the Broadband Engine was shown to have 1 teraflops of raw computing power.

In March 2007 IBM announced that the 65 nm version of Cell BE is in production at its plant in East Fishkill, New York.